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ÎÜÏÞ{ÍÞ× ÉøßµÜíÉÈBZ

1. ÎÜÏÞ{JßæÜ Ø¢çÏ޼ߵ Õß͵ñß ©ÉçÏÞ·ßAáçOÞZ §¢·ïà×ßæÜ ©çgÖßµ (indirect object) ©ÉçÏÞ·ßAᢠÉæf dÉÕVJÈ¢ æºÏáKÕV ØbàµøßAáÈÕøáæ¿ ¥øßæµÏáIí (the doer of the action is near the receiver).

©ÆÞ: «×ß ÕÞWÎàµßçÏÞ¿í çºÞÆߺîá. = The sage asked Valmiki.

¨ ©ÆÞÙøÃJßW «×ß ÕÞWÎàµßÏáæ¿ ¥øßæµÏáIí, ¥ÄáæµÞIí dÉÕVJÈ¢ æºÏáKÕV ØbàµøßAáKÕøáæ¿ ¥øßæµÏáIí. §ÄáçÉÞæÜÞøá Õß͵ñß çÕçù ÍÞ×µ{ßW µÞÃÞùßÜï. çÕçù dÆÞÕßÁÍÞ×µ{ßæÜÞøá Ø¢çÏ޼ߵ Õß͵ñßÏáIí Éæf ¥Äßæa ¥Vj¢ R¦æøCßÜáÎßæaAâæ¿Q ®KÞÃí.

©ÆÞ: ÈÞX ¥ÕçÈÞ¿í È¿çLX. (ÄÎßÝí) = ¾ÞX ¥ÕæaAâæ¿ È¿Ká.

2. ºßÜM¢ ÎÜÏÞ{JßæÜ ©çgÖßµ Õß͵ñß ©ÉçÏÞ·ßAáçOÞZ §¢·ïà×ßæÜ ÈßVçgÖßµ ©ÉçÏÞ·ßAá¢.

©ÆÞ: ®ÈßAí ÎÜÏÞ{¢ ÉÀßAÞÈᢠÉÀßMßAÞÈᢠçÕâ.

ÎÜÏÞ{JßæÜæÏÞøá ØbÍÞÕ¢ ¦Õß×íµøßAÞÈÞÏßGí ÕÞºµJßæa ¦¶cÞ ©çgÖßµÏßW ÕÏíAâ.

©ÆÞ: ®ÈßAí...çÕâ. ®ÈßAí ÕßÖAáKá.

ÎÞdÄÎÜï: I have... = "...exists for me" = ®ÈßAí...©Ií, You have... = "...exists for you" = ÈßÈÏíAí...©Ií, ÎxᢠÎxá¢.

3. ÎÜÏÞ{JßæÜ Ø¢Ìtßµ Õß͵ñßÏßÈáÕí øIí dÉÄcÏBZ (suffixes) ©Ií (=_ßæa, _(Ï)áæ¿).

²øá ÕÞAßæa ¥ÕØÞÈæJ ÖÌíÆ¢ Øbø¢ ¦æÃCßW Ø¢ÌtßµÏáæ¿ dÉÄcÏ¢ R_Ïáæ¿Q ¦µá¢.

©ÆÞ: ÕÞWÎàµßÏáæ¿ µÅ øÞÎÞÏâ ¦Ãí.

¥ÕØÞÈæJ ÖÌíÆ¢ R_¥V,Q R_¥ZQ ¦æÃCßW dÉÄcÏ¢ R_áæ¿Q ¦µá¢.

©ÆÞ: §Õ{áæ¿ ÍVJÞÕí ÕÞWÎàµßÏÞÃí. ¥Õøáæ¿ µáGßµZ «×ßµ{ÞÃí.

ÖÌíÆ¢ R_¥XQ ¦æÃCßW dÉÄcÏ¢ R_æaQ ¦µá¢. ºßÜM¢ R_áæ¿Q dÉÄcÏ¢ ¦µÞùáIí.

©ÆÞ: (¥Õæa/¥ÕÈáæ¿) ØçÙÞÆøÈÞÃí øÞÎX.

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